In carefully prepared systematic reviews, it is crucial to determine the conceptual framework that will form the basis of the review at the planning stage. The conceptual frameworks that the researchers themselves will create or select will guide the researchers in the selection, classification, and interpretation of the findings (Hallinger, 2013).
Below is an example of the conceptual framework created in the research titled "A Systematic Review of Research on the Relationship between School Leadership and Student Achievement: An updated framework and future direction" (Özdemir et al., 2022).
As in the example, the conceptual framework for systematic reviews should include the review's topic, aims, research questions, the theoretical background used to select the studies to be included, the source and type of studies, and the limitations and findings of the studies.